Blood Group Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-D:

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An antibody will attach to many RBCs at once and bind them along. Agglutination is the clumping of RBCs bound along by antibodies. In giving transfusions, it’s vital that the donor’s RBCs not agglutinate as they enter the recipient’s bloodstream.

For example, if type b blood (with B antigens) were transfused into a kind A recipient (with anti-B antibodies), the recipient’s anti-B antibodies would immediately agglutinate the donor’s RBCs, causing a reaction wherever the agglutinated RBCs block tiny vessels and release their hemoglobin (Hb) over the next few hours to days. This free hemoglobin will block the kidney tubules and cause death from renal disorder within a day or so. Therefore, a person with type an (anti-B) blood cannot receive B or AB blood, a person with type b (anti-A) blood cannot receive A or AB blood, and a person with O (anti-A and Ant-B) blood cannot receive A, B or AB blood.

Type AB blood is sometimes known as the universal recipient because it lacks each anti-A and anti-B antibodies, so it’ll not agglutinate donor RBCs of any abo kind.

Type O may generally be known as the universal donor, because since there’s no “anti-O” antibody, recipients of any abo kind may receive type o blood.